Light | Definition, Properties, Physics, Characteristics ~ HotNews

The Value of Stellar Spectra. When Newton described the laws of refraction and dispersion in optics, and observed the solar spectrum, all he could see was a continuous band of colors. If the spectrum of the white light from the Sun and stars were simply a continuous rainbow of colors, astronomers would have little interest in the detailed study of a star's spectrum once they had learned itsRefraction of Light. Refraction, or bending of light, occurs as light passes from one medium into another medium with a different refractive index.Refraction is an important characteristic of lenses, allowing them to focus a beam of light onto a single point, and is also responsible for a variety of familiar phenomena, such as the apparent distortion of objects partially submerged in water.The apparatus used to accept light, separate it into its component wavelengths, and detect the spectrum is called a spectrometer. Spectra can be obtained either in the form of emission spectra , which show one or more bright lines or bands on a dark background, or absorption spectra , which have a continuously bright background except for oneAstronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and radio, which radiates from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance, luminosity, and relative motionOpticks, one of the great works in the history of science, documents Newton's discoveries from his experiments passing light through a prism.He identified the ROYGBIV colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet) that make up the visible spectrum. The visible spectrum is the narrow portion within the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye.

Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics, and You: Light and

As noted before, an electromagnetic wave has a frequency and a wavelength associated with it and travels at the speed of light, or c.The relationship among these wave characteristics can be described by v W = fλ, where v W is the propagation speed of the wave, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength. Here v W = c, so that for all electromagnetic waves, c = fλ.Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as "light", EM, EMR, or electromagnetic waves. The waves propagate through a vacuum at the speed of light.As shown on the right, the component colors of the visible portion can be separated by passing sunlight through a prism, which acts to bend the light in differing degrees according to wavelength. Electromagnetic radiation such as visible light is commonly treated as a wave phenomenon, characterized by a wavelength or frequency.A prism is a triangular block of glass or quartz with smooth polished surfaces which is used to disperse the incident light beam into its constituent wavelengths or colours. Glass absorbs light in the UV region and is not used for absorbance studies in the wavelength range from about 200- 350 nm wavelength range.

Spectroscopy - Applications | Britannica

The human eye sees color over wavelengths ranging roughly from 400 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red). Light from 400-700 nanometers (nm) is called visible light, or the visible spectrum because humans can see it.Light outside of this range may be visible to other organisms but cannot be perceived by the human eye.The study of light and the interaction of light and matter is termed optics. The observation and study of optical phenomena such as rainbows and the aurora borealis offer many clues as to the nature of light.What is the visible light spectrum? The visible light spectrum is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view. More simply, this range of wavelengths is called visible light. Typically, the human eye can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers.The study and analysis of light according to its component wavelengths is called We will write a custom essay specifically for your for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More AThe directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as a dispersive element. The diffraction grating disperses the light into a linear spectrum of its component wavelengths, which is then directed, in whole or in part along the light path of the instrument.

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Chapter 3: Question 31What downside do refractor telescopes have that reflectors don't?A. chromatic aberrationB. bad seeingC. diffraction limited resolutionD. light loss from secondary elementsE. atmospheric blurring

A. Chromatic AberrationChromatic Aberration: when light is separated into its component colorsDiffraction Limited Resolution: for light, of any given wavelength, huge telescopes produce less diffraction than small ones

Chapter 3: Question 30Which of the following is NOT a explanation why to use a reflecting telescope rather than a refractor? A. Lenses are subject to chromatic aberration.B. Lenses absorb light, while mirrors don't.C. Heavy lenses, which is able to most effective be supported at their edges, generally tend to deform beneath their own weight. D. A lens should have two precision surfaces; a reflect needs only one.E. Lenses are more difficult to focus than mirrors.

Chapter 3: Question 11The light-gathering talent of a telescope is most depending on the diameter of its number one goal. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 3: Question 13A telescope with an 8-inch mirror will acquire twice as much light as one with a 4-inch mirror.True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 14The 400" Keck reflector can see objects 100 times fainter than the 40" Yerkes lens. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 3: Question 15Radio telescopes have poorer angular answer than optical telescopes because radio waves have a much longer wavelength than optical waves. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 3: Question 39What is the solution of a telescope?A. its ability to see very faint items its talent to separate light into its component colours for analysisB. its skill to distinguish two adjoining gadgets shut together in the skyC. its talent to focal point extra than simply visible light for imagingD. its ability to make far-off items appear much closer to us

Chapter 3: Question 42Green light has a shorter wavelength than orange light. In a Five inch telescope, inexperienced light will...A. allow dimmer stars to be seen.B. provide worse angular resolution than orange light.C. come to the same actual focus as orange light.D. cut back the effects of atmospheric turbulence.E. supply better angular solution than orange light.

Chapter 3: Question 18The opacity of the environment is partially corrected via adaptive optics. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 43What drawback does adaptive optics proper?A. the light air pollution of urban areasB. defects in the optics of the telescope, reminiscent of the unique Hubble mirrorC. the opacity of the Earth's setting to some wavelengths of lightD. turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere that creates twinklingE. chromatic aberration due to use of only a unmarried lens function

Reflecting Telescopes characterisitics and examples:

-World's biggest telescope-Most repeatedly used by execs astronomers today-Ex: The Hubble Space Telescope

Refracting Telescopes traits and examples:

-Incoming light passes via glass-Very huge telescopes grow to be "top-heavy"-The international's largest is 1-meter in diameter-Ex: Galileo's Telescopes

Chapter 3: Question 20Optical telescopes are generally used handiest at night time, however radio telescopes can be utilized day or night. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 3: Question 21The Earth's atmosphere is the major factor restricting the use of ground-based radio telescopes. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 22Optical interferometry is than radio interferometry. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 44What is true of radio telescopes?A. They are most sensitive to the opacity of the ozone layer.B. They have higher angular solution than a reflector.C. They are the smallest, most compact telescopes.D. They have poorer angular solution than a refractor of the similar dimension.E. They can only be used above the atmosphere.

Chapter 3: Question 46In astronomy, an interferometer can be utilized to...A. building up the sensitivity of infrared telescopes to longer wavelengths.B. lower the results of light air pollution in getting darker sky backgrounds.C. speed up the processing of CCD photographs.D. reinforce the angular solution of radio telescopes.E. yield higher seeing prerequisites with optical telescopes.

Chapter 3: Question 28Galaxies glance the similar whether or not considered in visible or X-ray wavelengths. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 27The Compton GRO used to be the first telescope used for our exploration of high-energy astronomy. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 26The mirrors for X-ray telescopes are the same form as the ones of optical reflectors. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Question 25Due to our ozone layer, ultraviolet astronomy will have to be done from area. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 3: Question 24Like radio and optical astronomy, infrared astronomy is simply completed with ground-based telescopes. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 3: Prelecture Question 14Which of the following regions of the elctromagnetic spectrum is helpful for finding out far-off galaxies? A. Radio wavesB. Visible lightC. Infrared lightD. Ultraviolet lightE. All of the above

Chapter 3: Question 50Which of the following is these days supplying excessive answer X-ray images from house?A. ROSATB. HEAO-2C. EinsteinD. COBEE. Chandra

Conceptual Self-Test 3.02The term seeing is used to describe how faint an object will also be detected through a telescope. True or False?True False

False

Conceptual Self-Test 3.03One of the primary benefits of CCDs over photographic plates is the former's high potency in detecting light. True or False?True False

True

Conceptual Self-Test 3.04Radio telescopes are large partially to reinforce their angular resolution, which is poor as a result of of the lengthy wavelengths at which they are used to observe the skies. True or False?True False

True

Conceptual Self-Test 3.05Infared astronomy can most effective be done from area. True or False?True False

False

Conceptual Self-Test 3.06Gamma-ray telescopes employ the same basic design that optical tools use. True or False?True False

False

Conceptual Self-Test 3.07Because gamma rays have very short wavelengths, gamma-ray telescopes can reach extraordinarily high angular answer. True or False?True False

False

Conceptual Self-Test 3.08The main reason why that most skilled research telescopes are reflectors is that...A. their images are inverted.B. huge mirrors are more uncomplicated to construct than huge lenses.C. mirrors produce sharper pictures than lenses do.D. they don't be afflicted by the results of seeing.

Conceptual Self-Test 3.10The number one reason why professional observatories are constructed on the very best mountaintops is to...A. enhance chromatic aberration.B. reduce atmospheric blurring.C. be above the rain clouds.D. break out from city lights.

Conceptual Self-Test 3.11When a couple of radio telescopes are used for interferometry, resolving energy is maximum progressed by way of...A. expanding the quantity of telescopes in a given space.B. the electric energy provided to every telescope.C. the diameter of every telescope.D. the distance between telescopes.

Conceptual Self-Test 3.12The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) is stationed a ways from Earth as a result of...A. Earth is a warmth source and the telescope will have to be stored very cool.B. the telescope is sensitive to electromagnetic interference from terrestrial radio stationsC. this increases the telescope's field of view.D. doing so avoids the obscuring results of Earth's surroundings.

Conceptual Self-Test 3.13The easiest means to study younger stars hidden behind interstellar mud clouds can be to use...A. X-rays.B. blue light.C. infrared light.D. ultraviolet light.

Conceptual Self-Test 3.14 VISResolution is sharpest when the ratio of wavelengths to telescope size is...A. largeB. SmallC. shut to 1D. none of those

Conceptual Self-Test 3.15 VISThe best possible frequency wave through which to study the scorching (million-kelvin) gasoline discovered amongst the galaxies in the Virgo cluster could be... A. in X rays.B. in gamma rays.C. in the infrared rays.D. at radio frequencies.

Chapter 1: Question 16In Ptolemy's geocentric fashion, retrograde motion happens when the planet is closest to us, on the inside of portion of...A. ecliptic.B. epicycle.C. equant.D. ellipse.E. deferent.

Chapter 1: Question 14In Ptolemy's geocentric model, the planet's movement alongside its deferent is all that is wanted to perceive retrograde motion. True or False?True False

False

Chapter 1: Question 22Which of these used to be NOT observed telescopically via Galileo? A. Four moons around JupiterB. stellar parallaxC. craters and mare on the MoonD. sunspotsE. Venus' segment cycle

Chapter 1: Question 12Galileo's observations of the whole segment cycle of Venus proved that Ptolemy's epicycles could no longer be correct in protecting Venus between us and the Sun. True or False?True False

True

Vocabulary in Context: Kepler's Planetary Orbits1. Earth is positioned at one __ of the Moon's orbit.2. According to Kepler's second regulation, Jupiter will likely be traveling most slowly round the Sun when at __.3. Earth orbits in the shape of a/an __ round the Sun.4. The mathematical shape of Kepler's 3rd law measures the period in years and the __ in astronomical devices (AU).5. According to Kepler's second law, Pluto will likely be traveling quickest around the Sun when at __.6. The extent to which Mars' orbit differs from a really perfect circle is called its __.

1.Focus2.Aphelion3.Ellipse4.Semi-major Axis5.Perihelion6.Eccentricity-Aphelion: biggest distance from the Sun-Perihelion: point of closest manner to the Sun-Eccentricity: how a long way off an orbit is from an elliptical path

Ranking Task: Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion1. Planets move fastest when they're at the __ (proper facet).2. Planets transfer slowest when they are at the __ (left facet).3. Planetary Orbits move __.4. Does mass impact orbital periods?5. Kepler's Third Law components is __.

1. Aphelion2. Perihelion3. Counter-clockwise4. No5. P^2 (in Earth)=A^3 (in AU)-P=orbital period-A=Semimajor axis

Ranking Task: Kepler's Second Law1. Kepler's 2nd law states: an imaginary line connecting the Sun to any planet sweeps out __of the ellipse in __.2. When a planet is ___ to the Sun it strikes ___ than when ___ away.3. When an object is __ to the Sun then, it covers ___ than when it was once ___.

1. equal areas/ equal periods of time2. closest/faster/farther3. close/larger distance/farther away

Chapter 1: Question 8Kepler discovered the orbits of planets are ellipses, now not circles. True or False?True False

True

Chapter 1: Question 25Tycho Brahe's contribution to Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion were...A. the proper rationalization of lunar stages.B. his detailed and correct observations of the planets' positions.C. his observations of Jupiter's moons.D. a mathematical rationalization of epicycles.E. a precise lunar calendar.

Chapter 1: Question 3According to Newton's Second Law, if you double the drive acting on a body, the acceleration will double. True or False?True False

True